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Monday, March 8, 2021

Falling Saudi Arabian Diplomacy Part3: Left behind Saudi Arabia (2)

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Mar, 2021



 Traditionally Yemen was a tribal society. The country was fallen into civil war after the demise of President Ali Abdullah Saleh due to the Arab Spring in 2011. The northern region, including the capital Sana'a, is controlled by the Houthi tribe. Houthi belongs to Shiite sect of Islam and is backed by Iran. It is a nuisance to the bordering Saudi Arabia of Sunni sect.

 

Saudi Arabia supported the new Yemeni President Mansur Hadi. But Hadi government was too weak in military power to defend capital Sana’a. They moved to Aden in the south region. The Hadi government tried to counter with the Houthi movement in association with the southern armed militia. The southern region was, however, strongly independent oriented. The conflict between two forces took place frequently. President Hadi was exposed to the Houthi offensive, too. Hadi could not even defend Aden.

 

President Hadi and his cabinet members took office in Riyadh of Saudi Arabia. They looked like government-in-exile[1]. Saudi Arabia could not overlook the situation and formed Arab-led coalition with Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries including UAE and Sudan in 2015. They had no chance of winning in the ground battle. They, therefore, carried out air strikes. Ground battles and airstrikes devastated Yemen and resulted in a large number of refugees, making Yemen the poorest and most dangerous failed state in the world. Saudi Arabia has repeatedly appealed the United Nations that Hadi government was an internationally recognized orthodox government, while the Houthis was a terrorist organization backed by Iran which was the state sponsor of terrorism.

 

The Yemen civil war looks like a proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran. Both of them should be blamed. But for ordinary Yemeni citizens, the air bombing by foreign Saudi jet fighters is more repulsive than the fellow Houthi. Houthi who battles on the ground are the same Yemeni citizens. Saudi pilots are foreigners and they sit in the cockpit jet fighter far above in the sky without risk. They bombed buildings, road and bridges at random like playing a video game.

 

There was also a big difference between sophisticated arms of coalition force and old ones of Houthi. Nevertheless, the Hadi government and the coalition forces were overwhelmingly pushed by the Houthi militia. Yemen was still an old country where tribes were dominant. Allied Southern Traditional Council (STC) was influential local tribes and superiority in fighting ability. Hadi government had no strong tribes. They wholly relied on Saudi coalition forces. They cannot compete with the Houthis or even the STC. Nevertheless, Saudi Arabia continues to support the Hadi government by raising the flag of the coalition forces. It is because Saudi government is afraid that the Saud ruling family would be jeopardized if the Houthi takes control of Yemen.

 

The UAE had supported the powerful STC. When the internal conflict between the Hadi government and STC took place, UAE left the front with the stack of coalition force. Coalition members other than the UAE, such as Egypt, were reluctant to intervene in Yemen civil war from the beginning. As a result, Saudi Arabia is the only one supporter of Hadi government in the Civil War. But Saudi Arabia has no competent ground force. Saudi Arabia, therefore, procures frontline soldiers from Sudan and arms like missiles, drones, and shells from the United States. Poor Sudan makes money by dispatching mercenaries, and the United States makes money by exports of arms as a looker-on. Saudi Arabian wallet becomes empty and debt is increasing day by day.

 

The coalition force by Saudi Arabia will not last forever. On the contrary, Saudi Arabia is under attack by Houthi’s drones of Iranian-made and launched from Yemeni territory. Saudi Arabia desperately intercepts with the Patriot missile. It was reported that the wreckage of a drone shot down by US-made missile has fallen down into one private house in Riyadh[2], Saudi Arabia is threatened its security. Crown Prince MbS, who is also the Minister of Defense, had not to sleep well in these days.

 

(Cont’d)

 

 

By Areha Kazuya

E-mail: Arehakazuya1@gmail.com



[1] New Yemeni power-sharing govt sworn-in in Saudi Arabia

2020/12/27 Khaleej Times

https://www.khaleejtimes.com/region/mena/new-yemeni-power-sharing-govt-sworn-in-in-saudi-arabia

[2] World leaders condemn Houthi attack on Riyadh

https://www.arabnews.com/node/1817346/saudi-arabia

2021/2/28 Arab News

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